青东凹陷油藏类型及主控因素浅析

青东凹陷具有独特而复杂的成藏特征,通过基础地质的综合研究,识别出青东凹陷发育构造、地层、岩性和复合油藏等四类油藏类型,阐述了各种不同油藏类型的分布特征;通过典型油气藏解剖,明确了有效烃源岩、储盖组合、油气输导条件等油气成藏要素和主控因素,研究认为青东凹陷具有双源供烃的油源条件,发育6套储盖组合,骨架砂体和输导断层为油气运移的有效通道;将青东凹陷划分为西北部斜坡、西南部断阶、中部深洼和东部走滑断裂四个油气聚集带,并解剖了各个油气聚集带的成藏类型及成藏主控因素。     

川西坳陷中段须四段储层定量成岩相特征

利用储层地质学理论与方法,对川西坳陷中段须四段储层压实、胶结和溶蚀3种主控成岩作用的成岩强度定量计算,厘定成岩强度标准,并在此基础上划分成岩相类型,建立不同类型成岩相测井响应特征,研究成岩相平面展布特征。结果表明:压实强度划分为弱、中、中强和强4个标准,胶结程度及溶蚀程度均划分为弱、中和强3个标准,将川西坳陷中段须四段储层划分为中强压实中溶蚀相、强压实中溶蚀相、强胶结弱溶蚀相、强压实弱溶蚀相、强胶结相和强压实相6种成岩相类型,成岩相平面展布受物源和沉积相的控制作用明显。其中,中强压实中溶蚀相和强压实中溶蚀相为有利的储集相带,平面上主要分布在孝新合构造带和中江—洛带地区,纵向上,上亚段相对优质成岩相储层物性好于下亚段。     

带油环底水凝析气藏开发方式优化及均衡开采对策——以东海盆地西湖坳陷CX北区块为例

东海盆地西湖坳陷CX北区块H3b、H3c油气藏为海上带油环底水凝析气藏,采用油气同采且初期优先采油的开发方式共设计了4口水平井,水平段位于油气界面以下的油环上部。为了尽快回收投资,该气藏在开发初期采用较高速度开采,油气井生产动态开始出现产量递减加快、气油比快速上升、含水率快速上升等现象,表明气顶和油环开采出现不均衡状态,而且位于油环下部的井已开始出现底水锥进。为此,基于该区块油气藏地层油气流体相态特征,同时结合油气井生产动态特征,分析反凝析、气顶气下窜、底水上升锥进等因素对该油气藏开发动态的影响,进而提出对策:(1)利用气顶气和油环油溶解气的弹性能量以及边底水天然水驱方式来开采油气藏,并合理控制采油采气速度,尽可能地实现油气藏的均衡开采;(2)由于过早打破了油气井的均衡开采状态,导致了气顶气过早下窜和边底水过早侵入,需要通过实时调整采油气速度来平衡开采状态,从而使得油气藏气油比和含水率得到有效控制。实施结果表明:上述对策的成功应用,确保了凝析气藏进入了稳定均衡的开发状态。     

塔西南坳陷麦盖提斜坡奥陶系白云岩油气的发现及其勘探启示

塔里木盆地西南坳陷(简称塔西南坳陷)罗斯2井在奥陶系蓬莱坝组白云岩储层中获得高产工业气流,成为麦盖提斜坡近20年来最重大的油气发现。为了明确该区下一步的油气勘探方向,根据麦盖提斜坡及周缘的油气发现历程,分析了奥陶系已钻井的成功、失利因素,研究了奥陶系石灰岩风化壳和内幕白云岩储层的分布特征,厘清了油气成藏与构造圈闭形成、演化的关系,明确了该区奥陶系油气成藏的主控因素,讨论了油气分布与新元古代裂谷的关系。结果表明:①麦盖提斜坡奥陶系白云岩比石灰岩储层更发育,中奥陶统鹰山组上段石灰岩风化壳储层主要分布在断裂带,储层空间主要为高角度未充填裂缝,下奥陶统鹰山组下段和蓬莱坝组内幕白云岩储层横向分布稳定,储层空间主要为小型溶蚀孔洞,在地震剖面上表现为"串珠"状反射特征;②油气发现主要集中在断裂带,构造围斜部位奥陶系白云岩岩溶储集体形成的岩性圈闭是下一步的主要勘探目标;③寒武系烃源岩的分布状况是决定该区奥陶系油气勘探成功率的关键因素,受塔西南坳陷新元古代裂谷控制,坳陷中段是油气勘探的有利区带,发育奥陶系—上寒武统白云岩与石炭系泥岩、下寒武统白云岩与中寒武统膏盐层等多套油气生储盖组合。     

冀中坳陷霸县地区现今温压场及其与地热资源的关系

渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷霸县地区是地热资源富集区,其以"雄县模式"为示范引领,成功打造了中国第一个"无烟城"。为指导下一步地热能的勘探开发,基于大量油田钻井实测温度和压力数据,对该区现今地温梯度及温度、压力平面分布特征进行了系统研究,探讨了温压场与地热资源的关系。结果表明:(1)该区现今地温梯度介于21.8~73.5℃/km,平均值为33.5℃/km;(2)霸县地区地层温度随着深度的增加而逐渐升高,其平面变化特征与地温梯度展布特征相似,两者都与基底起伏形态具有很好的对应关系——对于同一深度,牛驼镇凸起温度最高,而廊固凹陷和霸县凹陷则较低,牛驼镇凸起北部、霸县凹陷中部及廊固凹陷中东部普遍存在高异常温度区,是潜在的地热资源有利开发区;(3)霸县地区现今地层压力以常压、弱超压为主,其平面分布规律随深度变化而存在着一定的差异,廊固凹陷南部和霸县凹陷南部在深度4 000 m处普遍发育中—强超压带,在开展下一步的地热能开发时需要格外注意。     

管输含蜡原油降凝技术研究进展

输送含蜡原油一直我国原油管输所面临的主要技术问题,一方面要保障含蜡原油的顺畅输送,另一方面还要考虑节能、安全等问题。对国内外原油降凝剂技术的发展概况和降凝剂的作用机理和类型进行归纳总结以及列举现场实例。另外,针对凝剂技术目前存在的问题和降凝剂技术发展趋势进行了分析。     

Postpartum depression and vitamin D: A systematic review

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mood disorder estimated to affect 20%–40% of women worldwide after childbirth. In recent studies, the effect of vitamin D on prevention of mood disorders and depression has been investigated, but it is still unclear how vitamin D may affect PPD. The evidence on the relevance between vitamin D deficiency and PPD is inconsistent, and assessment of the recent literature has not previously been carried out. Moreover, there are few clinical studies on PPD and vitamin D supplementation. Five studies have so far assessed the relationship between the levels of vitamin D and PPD. Findings from cohort studies suggest that vitamin-D deficiency is related to the incidence of PPD and vitamin D may play a significant role in the recovery of women with PPD, but it is uncertain whether these actions are the effect of vitamin D on the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the levels of estradiol, serotonin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and/or of other mechanisms involved in PPD.     

东营凹陷页岩油储集地质特征与有效性

以济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系泥页岩为研究对象，通过岩心观察、偏光显微镜、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜分析以及高压压汞、小角X射线散射等实验，表征泥页岩不同尺度储集空间类型及组合连通方式，结合孔隙度、含油饱和度等数据，明确其储油的孔径及孔隙度下限。综合热演化程度（R_o）、岩相发育特征、地层压力特征和储集空间发育特征（孔隙度和孔径）等因素，建立东营凹陷泥页岩储集空间发育分布模式，预测页岩有利储集相带。结果表明：①研究区泥页岩储层孔隙类型主要为粒间孔、有机质和粘土矿物收缩孔及碳酸盐晶间孔，且具有三级孔缝网络的连通形式；②粘土片间孔和碳酸盐晶间孔对总孔隙度的贡献率最高，平均可达50%~70%，其次为粘土收缩缝和构造张裂缝；③页岩油赋存的孔径下限、游离油赋存孔径下限以及游离油大量富集的孔径门槛值，分别为5、10和30 nm；④富有机质和富碳酸盐矿物的纹层状页岩在总孔隙度、孔隙连通率和有利于游离油赋存的孔隙所贡献的孔隙度等方面最好，可作为优势岩相类型；⑤泥页岩岩相类型、成岩阶段、地层压力与裂缝发育程度控制了储集空间的发育分布特征，也是页岩油甜点评价的重要因素；有利储集相带预测就是在储集分级评价方案的指导下，寻找富有机质纹层状页岩分布区、相对较高的热演化程度页岩发育区、裂缝发育区、高地层压力发育区等叠合区。     

A novel approach to improve the planning of adaptive and interactive sessions for the treatment of Major Depression

Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is a research field which aims to improve the relationship between users and interactive computer systems. A main objective of this research area is to make the user experience more pleasant and efficient, minimizing the barrier between the users׳ cognition of what they want to accomplish and the computer׳s understanding of the user׳s tasks, by means of user-friendly, useful and usable designs. A bad HCI design is one of the main reasons behind user rejection of computer-based applications, which in turn produces loss of productivity and economy in industrial environments.In the eHealth domain, user rejection of computer-based systems is a major barrier to exploiting the maximum benefit from those applications developed to support the treatment of diseases, and in the worst cases a poor design in these systems may cause deterioration in the clinical condition of the patient. Thus, a high level of personalisation of the system according to users׳ needs is extremely important, making it easy to use and contributing to the system׳s efficacy, which in turn facilitates the empowerment of the target users. Ideally, the content offered through the interactive sessions in these applications should be continuously assessed and adapted to the changing condition of the patient. A good HCI design and development can improve the acceptance of these applications and contribute to promoting better adherence levels to the treatment, preventing the patient from further relapses.In this work, we present a mechanism to provide personalised and adaptive daily interactive sessions focused on the treatment of patients with Major Depression. These sessions are able to automatically adapt the content and length of the sessions to obtain personalised and varied sessions in order to encourage the continuous and long-term use of the system. The tailored adaptation of session content is supported by decision-making processes based on: (i) clinical requirements; (ii) the patient’s historical data; and (iii) current responses from the patient. We have evaluated our system through two different methodologies: the first one performing a set of simulations producing different sessions from changing input conditions, in order to assess different levels of adaptability and variability of the session content offered by the system. The second evaluation process involved a set of patients who used the system for 14–28 days and answered a questionnaire to provide feedback about the perceived level of adaptability and variability produced by the system. The obtained results in both evaluations indicated good levels of adaptability and variability in the content of the sessions according to the input conditions.     

A revised examination of the dual pathway model for bulimic symptoms: The importance of social comparisons made on Facebook and sociotropy

ObjectiveTo replicate the Dual Pathway Model (DPM) of bulimia nervosa (BN) symptoms prospectively, and to assess whether a revised version of the DPM that included the variables social comparisons made on Facebook and sociotropy influenced the DPM.MethodParticipants were 245 females who completed baseline measures (T1) that assessed the DPM, as well as the constructs social comparisons made on Facebook, and sociotropy, and a follow-up questionnaire, which assessed symptoms of depression, bulimia, and dietary restraint, one month later (T2).ResultsPath analysis revealed that the original and the revised DPMs had excellent fit once modifications to the respective models were made. In both DPMs, T1 pressures to be thin and T1 thin ideal internalization were related to T1 body dissatisfaction. T1 body dissatisfaction prospectively predicted T2 depressive symptoms and T2 bulimic symptoms, but not T2 dietary restraint. Furthermore, T2 dietary restraint, but not T2 depressive symptoms, predicted T2 BN symptoms. Results also showed that T2 dietary restraint was associated with T2 depressive symptoms. In the revised DPM, T1 social comparisons made on Facebook were associated with T1 body dissatisfaction, T1 pressures to be thin, and T2 bulimic symptoms. T1 sociotropy was related to T1 social comparisons on Facebook, T1 pressures to be thin, T1 body dissatisfaction, and T2 bulimic symptoms.ConclusionsFindings suggest the BN preventative efforts might benefit from addressing appropriate forms of social comparisons, especially those made on Facebook, and the personality trait sociotropy.